脑转移瘤临床特点手术疗效及预后分析

目的探讨脑转移瘤的临床特点、手术疗效并分析预后。方法选择2006-01—2014-01本院诊治的60例脑转移瘤患者为研究对象。结果 60例患者中单发病灶45例(75.0%),多发15例(25.0%);原发病为肺癌35例(58.3%),乳腺癌8例(13.3%),其他恶性肿瘤17例(28.4%);病灶周围水肿、环形强化及毛刷样征象是常见的影像学特点;60例患者1a及2a生存率分别为58.3%和18.3%;单因素分析显示:肿瘤数目、治疗方式、病灶大小与患者生存期相关(P0.05);Cox模型多因素分析结果显示:治疗方式及肿瘤数目是影响患者生存期的独立因素。结论脑转移瘤原发病以肺癌为最常见。治疗方式及肿瘤数目是生存期的影响因素,手术联合放化疗治疗效果最理想。     

Mid‐ventricular obstruction is associated with non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

BackgroundMid‐ventricular obstruction (MVO) is a rare subtype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but it is associated with ventricular arrhythmia. The relationship between MVO and non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) in HCM patients is unknown.HypothesisThe severity of MVO increases the incidence of NSVT in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).MethodsFive hundred and seventy‐two consecutive patients diagnosed with HOCM in Fuwai Hospital between January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Holter electrocardiographic and clinical parameters were compared between HOCM patients with and without MVO.ResultsSeventy‐six (13.3%) of 572 patients were diagnosed with MVO. Compared to patients without MVO, those with MVO were much younger, and had a higher incidence of syncope, greater left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness, a higher percentage of LV late gadolinium enhancement, and higher prevalence of NSVT. Furthermore, the prevalence of NSVT increased with the severity of MVO (without, mild, moderate or severe: 11.1%, 18.2%, 25.6%, respectively, p for trend < .01). Similarly, the prevalence of NSVT differed among patients with isolated LV outflow tract (LVOTO), both MVO and LVOTO, and isolated MVO (11.1%, 21.3%, 26.6%, respectively, p for trend = .018). In addition to age, diabetes, left atrial diameter, and maximal wall thickness, multivariate analysis revealed the presence of MVO as an independent risk factor for NSVT (Odds ratio 2.69; 95% confidence interval 1.41 to 5.13, p = .003).ConclusionsThe presence and severity of MVO was associated with higher incidence of NSVT in HOCM patients.     

显微精索静脉结扎手术联合少腹逐瘀汤治疗精索静脉曲张致少弱精子症

目的探讨保留动脉的显微精索静脉结扎术联合少腹逐瘀汤治疗精索静脉曲张(VC)致少弱精子症的临床疗效。方法选取50例精索静脉曲张性不育患者,随机分成观察组和对照组各25例,治疗组给予显微精索静脉结扎手术联合少腹逐瘀汤,日服一剂,分早晚服,连续服用3个月;对照组只行显微精索静脉结扎手术。结果两组患者均手术成功,术后症状消失,精子浓度、精液量、精子活力明显提高,畸形精子百分率明显降低,较手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而观察组3个月后患者各项精液参数改善显著,明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论显微精索静脉结扎手术联合少腹逐瘀汤治疗精索静脉曲张所致少弱精子症疗效满意,精液质量改善明显。     

新生儿及母亲临床特征对先天性甲状腺功能 减退症筛查的影响

目的 探讨新生儿及母亲临床特征对先天性甲状腺功能减退症（CH）筛查的影响,为避免漏诊CH提供依 据。方法 收集2016年1月—2017年11月足跟血促甲状腺激素（TSH）初筛阳性的新生儿206例,同期1∶1随机抽取 TSH初筛阴性的新生儿206例作为正常对照组,分析2组新生儿性别、胎龄、体质量和母亲合并疾病对CH初筛及确 诊的影响。结果 TSH初筛阳性的新生儿体质量低于初筛正常的新生儿（P＜0.05）,而2组新生儿的性别、胎龄,以 及早产、足月产和过期产比例差异无统计学意义。与TSH初筛正常组相比,初筛阳性组的母亲合并甲状腺功能减退 症比例和TSH水平更高,FT3和FT4水平更低（P＜0.05）,而2组母亲合并贫血、妊娠糖尿病、亚临床甲状腺功能减退 症及甲状腺功能亢进症的比例,以及血红蛋白、空腹血糖水平差异无统计学意义。与复查为正常的新生儿（198例） 相比,确诊为CH的新生儿（8例）体质量更低,其母亲合并甲状腺功能减退症比例和TSH水平更高,FT3和FT4水平更 低（P＜0.05）,而CH组与复查正常组的性别、胎龄、母亲合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症和甲状腺功能亢进症的比例差 异无统计学意义。结论 新生儿低体质量及母亲合并甲状腺功能减退症影响CH的初筛和确诊,筛查CH时应特别 注意,以避免漏诊。     

Isolation,identification, and characterization of diesel‐oil‐degrading bacterial strains indigenous to Changqing oil field,China

In the present study, 12 indigenous diesel‐oil‐degrading bacteria were isolated from the petroleum‐contaminated soils of the Changqing oil field (Xi’an, China). Measurement of the diesel‐oil degradation rates of these strains by the gravimetric method revealed that they ranged from 42% to 66% within 2 weeks. The highest degradation rates were observed from strains CQ8‐1 (66%), CQ8‐2 (62.6%), and CQ11 (59%), which were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, Ochrobactrum anthropi, and Bordetella bronchialis, respectively, based on their 16S rDNA sequences. Moreover, the physiological and biochemical properties of these three strains were analyzed by Gram staining, catalase, oxidase, and Voges–Proskauer tests. Transmission electron microscopy showed that all three strains were rod shaped with flagella. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometric analyses indicated that medium‐ and long‐chain n‐alkanes in diesel oil (C11–C29) were degraded to different degrees by B. thuringiensis, O. anthropi, and B. bronchialis, and the degradation rates gradually decreased as the carbon numbers increased. Overall, the results of this study indicate strains CQ8‐1, CQ8‐2, and CQ11 might be useful for environmentally friendly and cost‐effective bioremediation of oil‐contaminated soils.     

IgG4相关性甲状腺疾病研究的最新进展

免疫球蛋白相关性疾病(immunoglobulin G4- related diseases,IgG4- RD)可累及全身各个器官,累及甲状腺者称为IgG4相关性甲状腺疾病(IgG4- related thyroid disease,IgG4- RTD)。其临床特点为受累器官弥漫性或局灶性肿大、硬化,血清IgG4升高。部分IgG4- RD可导致器官衰竭,特别是胰腺、肝脏和胆道、肾脏、甲状腺、肺和主动脉等。IgG4- RTD多表现为甲状腺局部结节或弥漫性肿大,多伴有血清IgG4升高。IgG4- RTD目前病因未明,多认为与遗传因素、病毒感染、抗原抗体反应有关,治疗上绝大多数对糖皮质激素治疗有效。本文概述了近年来IgG4相关性甲状腺疾病的研究进展。     

血液标本放置时间和温度对血常规检测结果的影响

目的:探讨血液标本放置时间和温度对血常规检测结果的影响。方法:清晨采集80名健康体检者的空腹静脉血,比较不同放置时间、温度下的血常规检测结果,探讨血常规检测结果的质量控制方法。结果:室温22℃,放置30 min以及3、6 h时白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);室温22℃,放置3、6 h时血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板计数(PLT)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW-SD)水平均高于放置30 min时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);室温时WBC、RBC水平均高于低温时,RDWSD、Hb、PLT水平均低于低温时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:温度、放置时间均是影响血常规检测结果的因素,需加强控制影响因素,以确保检验结果的准确性。     

Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌电视胸腔镜与开胸肺叶切除术中淋巴结清扫的对比

目的比较Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌电视胸腔镜(VATS)肺叶切除术与开胸肺叶切除术中淋巴结清扫的效果。方法将60例拟行肺癌手术治疗的患者按患者意愿分为观察组(n=38)和对照组(n=22)。对照组采用传统开胸肺叶切除术,观察组行VATS肺叶切除术。比较两组患者淋巴结清扫总个数、淋巴结清扫时间、术后引流时间及并发症。结果对照组淋巴结清扫总个数及并发症发生率分别为(13.2±2.6)个和9.1%,观察组分别为(12.4±2.2)个和7.9%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组清扫时间明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(34.2±4.8)min vs(22.7±3.3)min,P0.05];观察组术后引流时间明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(5.4±1.6)d vs(8.4±2.8)d,P0.05]。结论临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术中淋巴结的清扫可达到与开胸手术同样的效果,且具有创伤小、术后恢复快的优点。